In its most general form, a playlist is simply a list of songs. They can be played in sequential or shuffled order. The term has several specialized meanings in the realms of radio broadcasting and personal computers.

In radio

The term originally came about in the early days of top 40 radio formats when stations would devise (and, eventually, publish) a limited list of songs to be played. The term would go on to refer to the entire catalog of songs that a given radio station (of any format) would draw from. Additionally, the term was used to refer to an ordered list of songs played during a given time period. Playlists are often adjusted based on time of day, known as dayparting.

On computers and the Internet

As music storage and playback using personal computers became common, the term playlist was adopted by various media player software programs intended to organize and control music on a PC. Such playlists may be defined, stored, and selected to run either in sequence or, if a random playlist function is selected, in a random order. Playlists' uses include allowing a particular desired musical atmosphere to be created and maintained without constant user interaction, or to allow a variety of different styles of music be played, again without maintenance.

Some websites allow categorization, editing, and listening of playlists online, such as Project Playlist, 8tracks, Plurn, imeem and Webjay. Other sites such as Musicmobs focus on playlist creation aided by personalized song recommendations, ratings and reviews. On certain sites, users create and share annotated playlists, giving visitors the option to read contextual information or reviewer comments about each song while listening. Some sites only allow the sharing of the playlist data with the actual music being delivered by other channels e.g. plurn, others provide a closed catalog of content from which the playlists can be generated while sites like imeem allow users to upload the music to central servers to be shared and accessed by any user of the site.

iPods can also be used to build playlists. The iPod software, "iWorkOut Muse", uses playlists to help people work out to music.

Celebrity playlists

A celebrity playlist is a list of songs prepared by a celebrity and represented in popular publications and on the radio as such, is referred to as a "celebrity playlist". This arms-length connection between the fan and the favored celebrity has become so popular (2004-2005) that "celebrity playlist" has become a part of recent vocabulary.

Web video

On video hosting service websites such as YouTube and Vimeo, users can make playlists of select videos from themselves or other users for topical purposes; paid accounts can upgrade playlists of their own videos to "shows".

Playlist generation

The idea of generating automatically music playlists from annotated databases was pioneered by Pachet and Roy. Constraint satisfaction techniques were developed to create playlists that satisfy arbitrary "sequence constraints", such as continuity, diversity, similarity, etc. Since, many other techniques were proposed, such as case-based reasoning.

Other playlist methods

A CD player that holds multiple CDs with a programmable grid mapper.

MP3 CDs

Prerecording a mixtape; which is purely sequential.

Active disc-jockeying where the user manually selects the next song one after another as opposed to a preprogrammed playlist (shuffled or not).

A jukebox with a programmable vinyl record changer

Types of playlist files

The playlist types are: .asx, an XML style playlist containing more information about the items on the playlist.

.bio, BioniX Wallpaper Changer, a text-based list of items, with each item on a new line. Each item represents the full path to the file.

.fpl, is a format used by foobar2000.

.kpl, Kalliope PlayList, is a kind of XML playlist storing developed to speed up loading and managing playlists.

.m3u, a simple text-based list of the locations of the items, with each item on a new line. This is one of the more popular playlist types.

.pla, Samsung format(?), binary, Winamp handles these

.plc, file extension for AIMP2 media player

.pls, a text playlist similar to .ini (program settings) files. It normally contains only the location of the items in the playlist.

.smil is an XML recommendation of the World Wide Web Consortium that includes playlist features. In addition to audio, it supports video and screen layout and is heavily used in Digital Signage.

.vlc is a format used by VLC Media Player.

.wpl, is an XML format used in Microsoft Windows Media Player versions 9–11. .xspf, an XML format designed to enable playlist sharing.

.zpl is a format used by Zune Media Player, Zoom Player and Creative Zen Media Players.

See also

Mixtape

Music scheduling system

Shuffle play

Playlist markup language

References

External links

What a playlist is and is not, by XSPF.org

A sample playlist on the Minnesota public radio

Category:Broadcasting

de:Wiedergabeliste es:Lista de reproducción fr:Liste de lecture it:Playlist nl:Playlist ja:プレイリスト pl:Playlista ru:Плей-лист fi:Soittolista uk:Плейлист

name	Ryan Dunn
birth name	Ryan Matthew Dunn
birth date	June 11, 1977
birth place	Medina, Ohio, U.S.
death date	June 20, 2011
death place	West Goshen Township, Chester County, Pennsylvania, U.S.
death cause	Car crash
nationality	American
home town	Brecksville, OH
other names	Random Hero, Prima Dunna, TV's Ryan Dunn
known for	''Jackass'', ''CKY''
television	''Jackass''''Proving Ground''''Viva La Bam''''Homewrecker''
occupation	Stunt Man, Television Personality, Actor
yearsactive	1999–2011

Ryan Matthew Dunn (June 11, 1977 – June 20, 2011) was an American reality television personality, actor and stunt man best known for being a member of the ''Jackass'' and ''Viva La Bam'' crew.

Dunn came to prominence as a member of the CKY Crew along with long-time friend Bam Margera for their extreme stunts and pranks recorded on camera which lead to the rise of MTV's ''Jackass'' and its latter three feature films, which have all been commercial successes.

Aside from ''Jackass'', Dunn also hosted ''Homewrecker'' and ''Proving Ground'' and appeared in feature films such as ''Street Dreams'' and ''Blonde Ambition'', as well as in Margera's films ''Haggard: The Movie'' and ''Minghags''.

Dunn died in an alcohol-related car crash in West Goshen Township, Chester County, Pennsylvania on the morning of June 20, 2011, alongside his friend Zachary Hartwell, a production assistant on ''Jackass Number Two''.

Career

Dunn took part in the characteristic stunts that made ''Jackass'' famous, and featured in all three released films, ''Jackass: The Movie'', ''Jackass Number Two'' and ''Jackass 3D''.

In 2006, Dunn and Bam Margera participated in the Gumball 3000 road rally in Margera's Lamborghini Gallardo. He later went on a tour with Don Vito called "The Dunn and Vito Rock Tour" for which the DVD was released on March 20, 2007. Dunn and Margera again participated in the rally in 2008.

Bam Margera stated during a December 2, 2008, radio interview with ''Big O and Dukes'' of 106.7 WJFK-FM, that he and Dunn would be going to Italy to film ''Where the F*%# Are My Ancestors''. That same month, Dunn appeared on the episode "Smut" of ''Law & Order: Special Victims Unit'' in December 2008. He is also featured in a movie called ''Street Dreams'' which was released in spring 2009. He co-starred along with Rob Dyrdek and Paul Rodriguez Jr. Dunn was also featured on a show with fellow ''Jackass'' star Bam Margera about them traveling through Europe in a ''Viva la Bam''-like show called ''Bam's World Domination'' for Spike. He appeared in ''Jackass 3D'', which was released on October 15, 2010.

Dunn co-hosted G4's ''Proving Ground'' along with Jessica Chobot, which made its premiere on June 14, 2011, six days before his death. However, according to a G4 spokesperson, the channel decided to postpone the airing of further episodes. The spokesperson added, "The show is off the schedule as of today until we discuss next steps." On June 27, G4 announced they would air the remaining episodes starting on July 19, 2011. At the time of his death, Dunn was working on the film, ''Welcome to the Bates Motel''. The film is slated for release in 2012.

Personal life

From 2002 until his death, Dunn was in a long-term relationship with girlfriend Angie Cuturic, who co-starred with him in Margera's directorial debut ''Haggard: The Movie'' and later ''Minghags''. Dunn had several tattoos of Cuturic, including in his inner arm and left ring finger.

2006 injury

During shooting of the closing scenes for ''Jackass Number Two'', Dunn injured his shoulder during one of his final bits, where he and co-star Bam Margera are pulled out of shot by a running horse by a rope tied around their feet. Dunn dropped straight onto his shoulder, causing damage to the muscles and leading to a blood clot that was at one point life-threatening, due to its proximity to his heart and brain. While seeking treatment for it, Dunn became depressed, eventually cutting off all contact with his friends, co-workers, and others for nearly two years. Dunn did not appear in ''Jackass 2.5'', the ''24-hour Jackassworld.com MTV special'', or any subsequent events related to the films and series. Although reluctant to return to the Jackass world, he soon joined the rest of the crew in the production of ''Jackass 3D'' and ''Jackass 3.5'' later saying that he was happy to rejoin the cast and had more enjoyment working on ''Jackass 3'' than any previous film endeavors.

Death

On June 20, 2011, at around 2:30 a.m. EDT, Dunn and Zachary Hartwell, a production assistant on ''Jackass Number Two'', were killed when Dunn's Porsche 911 GT3 veered off the road and hit a tree in West Goshen Township, Chester County, Pennsylvania. Hours before the accident, Dunn had posted a photo to his Twitter account of himself and Hartwell drinking at a West Chester bar. Dunn was identified in the police report as the vehicle's driver, and a subsequent toxicology report showed Dunn had a blood alcohol level of 0.196% — more than twice the state's legal limit of 0.08%. The police report stated ''"...that speed may have been a contributing factor in the accident..."'' and preliminary investigations suggested that the car had been traveling between in a zone. The accident happened in the same location that Dunn had previously rolled another vehicle in 1996.

The Wednesday after the accident, Ryan's closest friends and family attended a private memorial service held in West Chester, Pennsylvania. Dunn's remains were brought back to his home state of Ohio for burial.

Legacy

Dunn is remembered by friends and fans alike as the "go-to guy for outrageous stunts that even such stalwarts as Steve-O weren't willing to try" and "the kind of guy who would do anything for a friend," gaining the nickname "Random Hero."

Following the news of his death, Dickhouse Productions and the producers of the show released the following statement:

''"I don't really know what to say right now everybody, because the sadness is overwhelming, but today we lost one of our own. Our brother Ryan Dunn has passed. He died in a car wreck in West Goshen, Pennsylvania this morning at 3 a.m. Goddamn, that's tough to write. Our hearts go out to his family and his beloved Angie. Ryan will be missed and remembered by us all. Thanks for the kind words of support everybody."''

Many celebrities expressed their grief and condolences on Twitter including Sofia Coppola, Tom Green, Carey Hart, Dwayne Johnson, Tony Hawk and his ''Jackass'' cast members. Film critic Roger Ebert sparked an argument over Twitter after posting "Friends don't let jackasses drink and drive" just hours after Dunn died. Bam Margera retaliated by putting "I just lost my best friend, I have been crying hysterical for a full day and piece of s**t roger ebert has the gall to put in his 2 cents about a jackass drunk driving and [he is] one, f*** you!" he added. "Millions of people are crying right now, shut your fat f*****g mouth!" Celebrity gossip blogger Perez Hilton responded 'We certainly agree that driving after drinking is wrong, we think there's no reason - especially RIGHT NOW - that anyone should be pointing fingers or poking fun at a truly tragic situation. Everyone makes mistake, and this is somebody's son. Too soon, Roger.' Ebert replied to Hilton's post saying, 'Perez Hilton's readers agree with me and not with Perez about my tweet on Ryan Dunn. He drank, he drove, 2 people died.' Kings of Leon also paid homage to Dunn at their London Hyde Park concert by dedicating their song "McFearless" to him. Skrillex dedicated his song "Cinema" to Dunn after a moment of silence. Alkaline Trio also dedicated their song "Goodbye Forever" to Dunn on their 15 Year Anniversary tour.

Singer/song writer Roger Alan Wade wrote and composed the song dedicated to Dunn titled, "The Light Outlives the Star." Occasional ''Jackass'' member Loomis Fall also wrote the song "Bid Farewell" in memory of Dunn. Both songs were used in a music video tribute by Dickhouse Productions for its official website.

Dunn also came in at number three in the most popular search terms of 2011 on Google's Zeitgeist report following his death.

On November 28, 2011, MTV aired an hour-long tribute to Dunn, where several details of his life previously unknown to the public were revealed as well as never-before seen stunts he performed. Dunn's parents, sister, friends and both ''Jackass'' and ''Viva La Bam'' cast mates recalled his early beginnings to final months.

Filmography

;Television

''Jackass'' (MTV, 2000–2002)

''Viva La Bam'' (MTV, 2003–2006)

''Homewrecker'' (MTV, 2005)

''Bam's Unholy Union'' (MTV, 2007)

''Jackassworld.com: 24 Hour Takeover'' (MTV Special, 2008)

''Law & Order: Special Victims Unit'' (NBC, 2008, One episode)

''Bam's World Domination'' (Spike, 2010)

''Proving Ground (TV series)'' (G4 TV, 2011)

''Minute to Win It'' (NBC, 2011)

''Ridiculousness'' (MTV, 2011)

''A Tribute To Ryan Dunn'' (MTV, 2011)

;DVDs and videos

''Landspeed presents: CKY (1999)

''CKY2K (2000)

''CKY3'' (2001)

''CKY Documentary'' (2001)

''Don't Try This At Home - The Steve-O Video Vol. 1'' (2001)

''Don't Try This At Home - The Steve-O Video Vol. 2: The Tour'' (2002)

''CKY4: The Latest & Greatest'' (2002)

''Steve-O - Out On Bail'' (2003)

''Dunn & Vito's Rock Tour'' (2008)

;Films

''Criminal Mischief'' (2002)

''Jackass: The Movie'' (2002)

''Haggard: The Movie'' (2003)

''Jackass Number Two'' (2006)

''The Dudesons Movie'' (2006)

''3000 Miles'' (2007)

''Blonde Ambition'' (2007)

''Jackass 2.5'' (2007) ''archive footage''

''Minghags: The Movie'' (2009)

''Street Dreams'' (2009)

''Jackass 3D'' (2010)

''Living Will'' (2011)

''Booted'' (2011)

''Close-Up'' (2011)

''Jackass 3.5'' (2011)

Discography

The Alter Boys - ''The Exotic Sounds of the Alter Boys'' (2005)

References

External links

Category:1977 births Category:2011 deaths Category:Alcohol-related deaths in Pennsylvania Category:American stunt performers Category:American television personalities Category:CKY Category:People from Chester County, Pennsylvania Category:People from Medina County, Ohio Category:Pranksters Category:Road accident deaths in Pennsylvania

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